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ANTIDIABETICS
The substances used in treatment of diabetes (ie. Diabetes mellitus) are known as antidiabetics (Greek : dia : through and bainein : to go). Thus, diabetes is the inability of the body to utilise glucose, due to failure of pancreas to secret insulin in sufficient quantity.
Apart from several synthetic antidiabetics like tolubutamide, Chlorpropamide, the natural oral antidiabetic drugs are Gymnema (Gymnema sylrestre),Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) jambhul (Eugenia jambolona), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Cassia auriculata, and Indian Kino Pterocarpus marsupial.
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| Gymnema sylrestre |
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| Gymnema sylrestre flower |
GYMNEMA
synonym : Gudmar, Madhu nashini
Biological Source : This consists of the leaves of the plant known as Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Family: Asclepiadaceae)
Geographical Distribution :
A woody climber found in India, common in Deccan-peninsula and also in Northern and Western parts of India. It is occasionally cultivated for medicinal purposes.
Organoleptic Characters :
Colour : Green.
Odour : Pleasant and aromatic odour. Taste :Tasteless.
Size :3-5x1-2cm.
Shape : Elliptic or ovate with acute or acuminate apex.
Chemical Constituents :
The leaves contain hentriacontane, pentriacontane, phytin, a and B-chlorophylls, resin, tartaric acid, formic acid, butyric acid, mucilage inositoi, d-quircitol, gymnemic acid and anthraquinone derivatives.
Gymnemic acid is antisaccharin principle occurring as potassium salt. Gymnemic acid is a mixture of atleast nine closely related acidic glycosides fractionated by successive extraction with different organic solvents. Ethyl acetate fraction of gymnemic acid has paralysing effect on taste-glands.
Uses: It is used as antidiabetic, stomachia, stimulant, laxative and diuretic. The antidiabetic formulations of this drug are commercially available. Hypoglycemia effect is due to indirect stimulation of insulin secretion by pancreas.
The leaves of G. hirsutum of Western ghats (Konkan) are the substitute for Gymnema.
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A) Horned Melon
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C) Jicama
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